Differences

This shows you the differences between two versions of the page.

--- tutorials:bash_scripting:part2 [2012/02/26 01:31] – rmiles
+++ tutorials:bash_scripting:part2 [2017/10/12 10:58] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1
@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-//**3. Adding a GUI interface to a bash script**//
+//**3. Adding a GUI interface to a bash script**//\\
-GUI interfaces can be used with bash scripts. The script below uses //Zenity// to provide a GUI interface for selecting an image to convert to .pdf and a second GUI interface for naming and saving the newly created .pdf file.
+----
+GUI interfaces can be used with bash scripts. The script below uses //Zenity// to provide a GUI dialog for selecting an image to convert to .pdf, a second GUI dialog for naming and saving the newly created .pdf file and a third offering the option to delete the image file used to create the .pdf file.
 <code bash>
@@ Line 16: / Line 17: @@
 ############################################################
-input_file=$(zenity --file-selection --title "Select an image file to convert to pdf" --directory ~)
+input_file=`zenity --file-selection --title="Select an image file to convert to pdf"`
 	if [ $? -eq 1 ]; then
-        exit
+        	exit
-    	elif [ $? -eq 1 ]; then
+    	fi
-		zenity --error --text "You did not select a file to convert"
-		exit
-	fi
 working_dir=$(dirname $input_file)
@@ Line 29: / Line 28: @@
 cd $working_dir
-output_file=$(zenity --file-selection --save --title "Where do you want to save the pdf file?"\
+output_file=`zenity --file-selection --save --title="Save .pdf file as..." --confirm-overwrite`
---directory $working_dir --confirm-overwrite)
+	if [ $? -eq 1 ]; then
+		exit
+	fi
 convert $input_file $output_file
+zenity --question --text="Do you want to delete the image file before you exit?"
+	case $? in
+) rm $input_file;;
+) exit;;
+	esac
 # end of script
@@ Line 43: / Line 53: @@
 </code>
-The first line of this script uses a zenity command within two backticks to assign a file to the variable //input_file//. The option //file-selection// specifies that a file selection dialog box is required. The option //--title// will create a title for the dialog using the text enclosed in double quotes. The option //--directory// nominates the default directory to be opened. In this instance, //~//, will open up the home directory of the current user.
+The first line of this script uses a zenity command within two backticks to assign a file to the variable //input_file//. The option //file-selection// specifies that a file selection dialog box is required. The option //--title// will create a title for the dialog using the text enclosed in double quotes. If the user is running this script from an icon on the desktop, The file selection dialog will open into /home/[user-directory].
+The script //con2pdf// in Section 1 either converted an image to a .pdf if a target image file was entered after the command //con2pdf// or it printed out the usage message and then returned to the command prompt if no target file was entered. However, in the //zenity// file selection dialog there are two user options, select a file or **Cancel**. It is necessary after this zenity command executes to check the exit code to see if the user has hit *Cancel* in which case the exit code would be 1. The following if statement should look familiar.
+<code bash>
+	if [ $? -eq 1 ]; then
+        	exit
+    	fi
+</code>
+If a file has been selected and the user has pressed **OK** the script will continue on to the next line after the if statement This line creates the variable //working_dir// and assigns it the path of //$input_file// using the command //dirname//. This variable is then used to cd into the target file's directory. That directory now becomes the script's //pwd// and the next //zenity// command will open a file selection dialog in that directory.
+<code bash>
+working_dir=$(dirname $input_file)
+cd $working_dir
+</code>
+Next the script creates a variable, //output_file//. This //zenity// command is also a file selection dialog. The //--save// option is used even though the script is creating a variable and not saving a file so that the //--confirm-overwrite// option can be used. This is necessary because the command //convert// will overwrite files without warning.
+Another if statement is required in case the user hits the *Cancel* button.
+<code bash>
+output_file=`zenity --file-selection --save --title="Save .pdf file as..." --confirm-overwrite`
+	if [ $? -eq 1 ]; then
+		exit
+	fi
+</code>
+The convert command is exactly the same as in the previous script.
+<code bash>
+convert $input_file $output_file
+</code>
+However, in this script provides the option of deleting the image file after the .pdf file has been created.
+<code bash>
+zenity --question --text="Do you want to delete the image file before you exit?"
+	case $? in
+) rm $input_file;;
+) exit;;
+	esac
+</code>
+The //zenity --guestion// dialog prints the text into a pop up window that provides two buttons, **Yes** and **No**. //Zenity// returns //0// if yes and //1// if no.
+A case statement follows which evaluates the exit code and will either delete the file or exit the script accordingly. Case statements are handy for this type of task and are generally used instead of if statements when multiple options may be involved. Note the syntax as well as that a case statement must close with //esac//.
-The CLI utility con2pdf either converted an image to a pdf if an image file was entered after the command or it printed out the usage message and retruned to a comman prompt. However, if the user hits the //Cancel// button or does not select a file, this script will continue to run.
+----
+//There are other GUI dialog programs. KDE has //kdialog// which is based on the Qt toolkit, there is also //dialog//, //xdialog//, //yad/ and others (I'm sure). Their features and syntax vary but if you understand the basics of how //zenity// was used in this script you shouldn't have any trouble sorting out how to use one of the others//.
-Zenity returns the following exit codes:
+In the next section I''ll discuss a script I use on our print server to shut it down if there is nobody using the lan.//
-   The user has pressed either **OK** or **Close**.
+----
-   The user has pressed **Cancel**.
+**Cheers!**
-  -1  An unexpected error has occurred, e.g. no file has been selected.
-   The dialog has been closed because the timeout has been reached.
-An if/else if (elif) statement can be used to exit the script with a //0// exit code or will open a zenity error dialog and then exit the script if the user presses **Cancel** or does not select a file to convert.